What does the pitot-static system measure in aviation?

The pitot-static system is a critical component in aviation that measures airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed by utilizing differences in atmospheric pressure. This system operates based on two primary sensors: the pitot tube and static ports.

The pitot tube measures dynamic pressure, which is the pressure of the air impacting the tube as the aircraft moves through it. This measurement is essential for calculating airspeed. The static ports, on the other hand, measure the ambient atmospheric pressure surrounding the aircraft, which is crucial for determining altitude and vertical speed.

When the aircraft ascends or descends, the changes in atmospheric pressure are captured by the static ports. By comparing the dynamic pressure from the pitot tube with the static pressure from the static ports, the instruments can accurately display vital flight parameters. These readings are essential for pilots to maintain control and make informed decisions during flight.

In contrast, other options listed do not pertain to the functions of the pitot-static system. Fuel levels and weight measurement are managed by fuel gauges and load systems, while engine pressure and power relate to the engine's performance indicators. Wind direction and speed measurements typically rely on anemometers or other related instruments, not the pitot-static system.