What happens to the airflow around an aircraft during its approach to landing?

During an aircraft's approach to landing, the airflow around the aircraft is significantly affected by its configuration. As the aircraft descends, it typically extends landing gear and deploys flaps, which alters its aerodynamic profile. These changes cause the airflow to interact more intensely with the aircraft's surfaces, leading to variations in lift and drag.

The deployment of flaps increases the wing's camber and area, enhancing lift at lower speeds, which is crucial for maintaining a safe descent rate. Additionally, the extended landing gear and any other surfaces can create turbulence and modify the flow patterns around the aircraft. This interaction is fundamental for ensuring adequate aerodynamic performance during the critical phase of landing when control and stability are essential.

Understanding how airflow behaves during approach helps pilots make the necessary adjustments for a safe landing. This understanding is essential for flight safety and performance optimization.