What is the primary function of spoilers on an aircraft?

Spoilers are aerodynamic devices used on aircraft to reduce lift, which consequently allows for greater control over descent and airspeed. When deployed, spoilers disrupt the smooth airflow over the wing, leading to a reduction in lift. This reduction in lift enables the aircraft to descend more steeply without a corresponding increase in airspeed, which is particularly useful during landing approaches and when executing descents. By allowing for controlled descent rates, spoilers provide pilots with the ability to manage their approach path more precisely.

Understanding this functionality is key, especially in scenarios requiring quick descent or when dealing with turbulence. The design of spoilers allows them to serve this specific role effectively, differentiating them from other components of the aircraft which may serve different purposes such as increasing speed or stabilizing the aircraft.