What should two aircraft do when they are approaching head-on?

When two aircraft are approaching each other head-on, the appropriate action is for both to alter their headings to the right. This maneuver is part of standardized aviation regulations designed to promote safety in the skies. The rationale behind this procedure lies in the principle of avoiding mid-air collisions safely and effectively.

When both aircraft alter their headings to the right, they create a clear path for themselves as they pass each other. This maneuver is grounded in the understanding that each pilot will have a better visual cue of the other aircraft's position and trajectory, reducing the risk of a collision. Additionally, the right-turning procedure aligns with international aviation rules that establish right-hand traffic in the airspace—this means that actions taken while in a head-on situation are focused on maintaining situational awareness and safety for both pilots.

In contrast, climbing to avoid a collision could lead to misjudgments about altitude and proximity, while maintaining their headings would likely result in a collision given their direct approach. Altering to the left could also cause complications as both aircraft might turn into one another, increasing the risk of a collision.